The earliest record of European-Osage contact is a 1673 map by French Jesuit priest and explorer Jacques Marquette. By the late 17th century, the Osage were calling themselves Wah-Zha-Zhe. To the west were the Great Plains, where they hunted buffalo. They were powerful and dominated a large territory encompassed the land between the Missouri and Osage rivers to the north, the Mississippi River to the east, and the Arkansas River to the south. A Siouan language tribe, they had migrated west and south centuries before from the Ohio Valley. Osage Nation īefore European contact, the area that today makes up Jasper County was the domain of the Osage Native Americans, who called themselves the "Children of the Middle Waters" ( Ni-U-Kon-Ska). Portrait of an Osage warrior, painted by George Catlin in 1834.
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